Scribal Profiles

Scribal profiles: a new numbering system has been devised for this digital edition. For an explanation, see Editorial principals 1: ‘scribal profiles’. They have been numbered not chronologically but according to their position in the manuscripts today (from Julius B. XIII f. 2r to Faustina B. IX f. 75v, though with one exception: f. 41 has been misplaced in the current binding but the scribal profile numbering treats it as though it is in its correct position as f. 41). Some profiles appear in more than one place across the manuscripts.

Summary of contribution: a brief guide to the contribution(s) attributed to that scribal profile.

Folios: the location of the contribution(s). This is based on the most recent foliations in each manuscript: for Julius B. XIII those attributed to Scribal profile 2; for Faustina B. IX those attributed to Scribal profile 28.

Related Broun 2007 number(s): many scribal profiles are the same as a ‘Scribe’ identified in Broun, The Chronicle of Melrose Abbey, chapter 7 (‘Scribes’). Broun’s chapter includes palaeographical analysis and dating for each scribe, and therefore remains a valuable point of reference. His chapter also includes a ‘concordance’ with the ‘Hands’ identified in Andersons, The Chronicle of Melrose (1936).

Dating: information about the date of the scribal profile’s contribution based on textual and sequential information (i.e., the dating of the contributions that precede it in a physical sequence). Wherever possible, the dating notes attempt to provide firm dates, though mostly these are only firm earliest dates (i.e., the terminus post quem). Some scribes may have contributed to the manuscript on different occasions; for the most part, the entry in the table relates to the latest datable information overall for that profile’s contribution. All dating work builds on Broun, The Chronicle of Melrose Abbey, chapter 8 (‘Charting the chronicle’s physical development’). However, sometimes the dating here diverges from Broun, most notably in pulling back on assuming a scribe’s latest date of working (i.e., a terminus ante quem) based on what they did or did not copy. Here, an attempt is made to strip back as many assumptions as possible about when scribes might be writing and whether they were likely to have ‘updated’ the text to their own time. (A prominent example is removing the suggestion that Scribal profile 8 was working in or before 1174, based on the assumption that this scribe would have continued the chronological frame of popes beyond 1174 had they been working later than this: Broun, The Chronicle of Melrose Abbey, p. 54.) See below for an explanation of notable dates used for establishing limits. In the Chronicle text itself, the new year was mostly reckoned by scribes to fall on Lady’s Day (25 March), not 1 January (i.e., 1173 was from 25 March 1173 – 24 March 1174). In the table of scribal profiles, however, modern year reckonings are used, so that where an entire year is given such as ‘before 1173’, this is shorthand for ‘before 1 January 1173’, and ‘after 1173’ is shorthand for ‘after 31 December 1173’.

Palaeographical dating: a general guide to the date of the scribe’s handwriting. This is intended to complement the ‘dating’ information, especially since mostly these are only earliest possible dates (i.e., the terminus post quem). More analysis in future could refine this palaeographical dating. It builds on, but also diverges on occasion from, the assessments in Broun, The Chronicle of Melrose Abbey. See below for notes on features which have informed the palaeographical dating.

Text edited in the digital edition? Not all scribal profiles’ work has been transcribed and translated as part of the edition. For an explanation, see Editorial principals 1: ‘scribal profiles’.


  • 8 Mar 1173: see the discussion under Dating the earliest Chronicle scribes: Scribal profile 8’s reference to David as ‘earl’. In summary, this represents the earliest conceivable date that Scribal profile 8 could have referred to David as ‘earl’, i.e., after a council in Paris in 1173 (the council itself was after 8 March but before 15 April) when Henry the Young King granted to David ‘for his homage and service’ the earldom of Huntingdon and also Cambridgeshire. All writing and activity sequentially after Scribal profile 8’s contribution can therefore take ‘8 March 1173’ as a firm terminus post quem (an earliest possible date).
  • 14 Apr 1286: the earliest date at which Thomas Stonegrave became abbot of Rievaulx (which was sometime after Easter 1286, i.e., 14 April, and certainly before 24 May 1286). Thomas is mentioned as abbot within Scribal profile 122’s work (Faustina B. IX, f. 69r). All writing and activity sequentially after Scribal profile 122’s contribution can therefore take ‘14 April 1286’ as a firm terminus post quem (an earliest possible date). Furthermore, this is the latest datable ‘event’ mentioned in the growth of the chronicle, and therefore provides a firm earliest date for the manuscript leaving Melrose Abbey (i.e., it must have been there until some time after 14 April 1286).
  • Mid-14th century: this relates to the Chronicle’s move from Melrose Abbey to England, specifically to the priory of Deeping St James in Lincolnshire. When did the manuscript move south? The only scribal activity which can with confidence be taken to have been written at Deeping St James is Scribal profile 4’s note that the book is from their library (Julius B. XIII, f. 2r). There is also a good chance Scribal profile 52’s addition to AD 1133 on the consecration of Nigel as bishop of Ely was added while in England (Faustina B. IX, f. 18r). Palaeographically, neither of these contributions look later than the mid-fourteenth century, so this can be taken as the latest limit for when the manuscript was in England. For further discussion, see The Chronicle’s journey: from Melrose Abbey to the British Library.
  • 1536 and 1547: antiquarian John Leland (d. 1552) is thought to have begun collecting manuscripts from 1536. He is said to have fallen into ‘madness’ by 1547. He therefore likely acquired the Chronicle sometime in or between these years. If he acquired the manuscript from Thorney Abbey, then this would have been before the abbey’s dissolution in December 1539 (Harrison, The Chronicle of Melrose Abbey, p. 176). See James P. Carley, ‘Leland, John (c. 1503–1552)’, Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (25 May 2006), https://doi-org.ezproxy2.lib.gla.ac.uk/10.1093/ref:odnb/16416 (accessed 16 February 2024).
  • 17th century: this is related to the manuscripts’ time in the library of Sir Robert Cotton (d. 1631). The precise date and circumstances of Cotton’s acquisition are unknown. The library continued to be cared for after his death: in 1696, librarian T. Smith published the Catalogus librorum manuscriptorum bibliothecae Cottonianae (‘Catalogue of the books and manuscripts in the Cottonian library’). In 1701, Cotton’s collection was bequeathed to the nation by his grandson, Sir John Cotton; they entered the British Museum at its foundation in 1753.


Palaeographical dating is generally only given to centuries/half centuries. A few sources have been used for comparison, most notably the database of charter images at http://www.modelsofauthority.ac.uk. The greatest source has been Broun, The Chronicle of Melrose Abbey, Chapter 10 (5), ‘Notes on palaeographical developments’. For the digital edition, an independent view of palaeographical dating has been taken for each scribal profile, opting for a broader and less definite approach than in Broun’s work. A summary of some key indicators is given below, but reference to Broun’s chapter is essential for appreciating the handwriting in this manuscript.

  • Tironian et: this 7-shaped character began to be ‘crossed’ from c. 1200 (though the uncrossed version continued in use beyond this).
  • Two compartment a: this appears from the mid-13th century.
  • Looped d: the analysis here is based on the developments outlined in Joanna Tucker, Reading and Shaping Medieval Cartularies: Multi-Scribe Manuscripts and their Patterns of Growth (Woodbridge, 2020), p. 180.
  • Tailed ę (aka, e-caudata, e-cedilla): this feature appears only in the work attributed to Scribal profile 24, which was responsible for the earliest writing in the manuscript, datable here to ‘after 1157’ but possibly around the same time as Scribal profile 8 (‘after 8 Mar 1173’). The tailed ę is thought to have been phased out during the twelfth century: see, e.g., Bernhard Bischoff, Latin Palaeography: Antiquity and the Middle Ages, trans. Dáibhí Ó Cróinín and David Ganz (Cambridge, 1990), p.122; and Christopher De Hamel, A History of Illuminated Manuscripts, 2nd edn. (London, 1994), p. 91, where it is said to have disappeared by ‘c. 1175’. In Scottish charters, there are examples of tailed ę in a spread of archives from the late 11th and 12th centuries (mostly in ęcclesię), but none so far identified in charters where Melrose was the beneficiary. The latest known example in the Scottish corpus is Edinburgh, NRS GD45/13/234, Christian bishop of Whithorn for Holyrood Abbey, datable to 1167  7 October 1186: <http://www.modelsofauthority.ac.uk/digipal/manuscripts/625/> (accessed 20 February 2023). The use of the tailed ę does not, therefore, automatically mean that Scribal profile 24 ought to be datable before c. 1175.



Scribal profile

Summary of contribution

Folios

Julius B. XIII | Faustina B. IX

Related Broun 2007 number(s)

Dating

Palaeographical dating

Text edited in the digital edition?

Scribal profile 1.

Later title, erroneously attributing the text to Roger of Walden

Julius B. XIII:2r
Faustina B. IX:-

17th century (after acquisition by Cotton)

Early modern

Y

Scribal profile 2.

Ink foliations (upper corner of the recto) from ‘2’ to ‘47’, and continuing beyond the ‘Melrose’ part of Julius B. XIII (probably added while in Sir Robert Cotton’s library)

Faustina B. IX:-

Before 1731, prob. 17th century

Early modern

N

Scribal profile 3.

Prologue to Hugh of Saint-Victor’s De tribus maximis circumstantis gestorum

Julius B. XIII:2r 2v 3r 3v
Faustina B. IX:-

Scribe 1

Same time as Scribal profile 8 (‘after 8 Mar 1173’)

Prob. second half 12th century

N

Scribal profile 4.

A note that the book is from the library of the priory of Deeping St James (Lincolnshire)

Julius B. XIII:2r
Faustina B. IX:-

After 14 Apr 1286

Prob. first half 14th century

Y

Scribal profile 5.

Quire signatures from B to G in the lower margins, one on the first leaf of each gathering (probably added while in Sir Robert Cotton’s library)

Julius B. XIII:2r 10r 19r 28r 36r 41r
Faustina B. IX:-

Prob. 17th century

Early modern

N

Scribal profile 6.

Corrections to the Prologue to Hugh of Saint-Victor’s De tribus maximis circumstantis gestorum (outer margin)

Julius B. XIII:2v 3r
Faustina B. IX:-

After Scribal profile 3 (‘after 8 Mar 1173’)

Prob. second half 12th or early 13th century

N

Scribal profile 7.

Corrections to the Prologue to Hugh of Saint-Victor’s De tribus maximis circumstantis gestorum (lower margin)

Julius B. XIII:3r
Faustina B. IX:-

Scribe 2

After Scribal profile 3 (‘after 8 Mar 1173’)

Prob. second half 12th or early 13th century

N

Scribal profile 8.

Julius B. XIII: Hugh of Saint-Victor’s De tribus maximis circumstantis gestorum (on f. 40r, only the chronological frame)


Faustina B. IX: annals for AD 1017–1171 (to line 22 on f. 21r)

Scribe 3

After 8 Mar 1173 (David described as ‘earl’)

Prob. second half 12th century

Julius B. XIII: N


Faustina B. IX: Y

Scribal profile 9.

Corrections to Hugh of Saint-Victor’s De tribus maximis circumstantis gestorum (Scribal profile 8’s work)

Julius B. XIII:5r 6r 7r 8r 14v 15r 15v 16r 16v 17r 17v 26r 28r
Faustina B. IX:-

Scribe 4

After Scribal profile 8 (‘after 8 Mar 1173’)

Prob. second half 12th or early 13th century

N

Scribal profile 10.

Two reckonings of the number of years between the beginning of the world and the birth of Christ in Hugh of Saint-Victor’s De tribus maximis circumstantis gestorum (one according to Hebrew chronology, the other according to the chronology of the Septuagint)

Julius B. XIII:5v 9v
Faustina B. IX:-

Scribe N1

After Scribal profile 8 (‘after 8 Mar 1173’)

Prob. first half or mid-14th century

Y

Scribal profile 11.

Quire signature numberings from B1 to B9 in the lower margin of each folio in Gathering II (probably added while in Sir Robert Cotton’s library)

Julius B. XIII:10r 11r 12r 13r 14r 15r 16r 17r 18r
Faustina B. IX:-

Prob. 17th century

Early modern

N

Scribal profile 12.

Total tally of the leaves in the manuscript (numbering by tens on the upper corner of the versos)

Julius B. XIII:10v 20v 30v 40v
Faustina B. IX:-

Early 18th century

Early modern

N

Scribal profile 13.

Pen trial or doodle in the lower margin (perhaps amen…)

Julius B. XIII:21r
Faustina B. IX:-

After Scribal profile 8 (‘after 8 Mar 1173’)

Prob. 13th or early 14th century

N

Scribal profile 14.

Quire signature numberings in the lower margin of each folio in Gathering III, presumably from C1 to C9 though most are now cropped (probably added while in Sir Robert Cotton’s library)

Julius B. XIII:21r 24r
Faustina B. IX:-

Prob. 17th century

Early modern

N

Scribal profile 15.

A note in brown crayon that the Pope sent Palladius to the Scots

Julius B. XIII:25r
Faustina B. IX:-

Scribe N2

After Scribal profile 8 (‘after 8 Mar 1173’); prob. before manuscript was removed to Deeping Priory (given reference to ‘the Scots’)

Prob. 13th or first half 14th century

Y

Scribal profile 16.

Many signposts probably added by John Leland (note there are different phases/colour of ink but the profile is the same); glosses in the text-block (ff. 27v, 6v, 7r); cropped title (f. 2r)

Julius B. XIII:26r 27r 27v

Prob. after 1536 (when Leland began collecting manuscripts) but before 1547 (when Leland fell into ‘madness’)

Early modern

Glossed text only

Scribal profile 17.

Invocation in the margin (amen)

Julius B. XIII:29r
Faustina B. IX:-

After Scribal profile 8 (‘after 8 Mar 1173’) 

Prob. 13th or first half 14th century

N

Scribal profile 18.

In Julius B. XIII: a note on a lacuna in the text to AD 731 (f. 30v); correction and addition of popes (f. 35r); a note on St Guthlac’s death adjacent to AD 715 (f. 35v); possible addition of dies (f. 37v) and name of Victor III (f. 39v); continuation of the list of popes and emperors (f. 40r–v), taking the emperors as far as Frederick Barbarossa (finishing in AD 1159 with antipopes appointed by Frederick), taking popes up to Innocent III at AD 1198 and numbering Innocent’s pontifical years as far as AD 1208, and continuing the overall chronological frame to AD 1220.


In Faustina B. IX: corrections to the text (f. 10v Danorum, rex Danorum; f. 11r cui successit, papa); addition of notice on Pope Benedict’s death and succession at AD 1024 (f. 12r); a note on Scone’s foundation at AD 1115 (f. 17r); a note on St Guthlac’s translation at AD 1136 (f. 18r); addition of electus est (f. 18v).

Julius B. XIII:30v 35r 35v 37v 39v 40r 40v
Faustina B. IX:10v 11r 12r 17r 18r 18v

Scribe 14

After 1198 (reference to Innocent III); prob. before 1216 (when Honorius III could have been added to the list on f. 40v); poss. c.1208 (as far as the scribe goes with numbering Innocent III’s chronological frame)

Prob. late 12th or early 13th century

Partially

Scribal profile 19.

Notes in the margins on the seventh and eighth synods, and the emperor Nicephorus

Julius B. XIII:36r 37r
Faustina B. IX:-

Scribe N3

After Scribal profile 8 (‘after 8 Mar 1173’)

Prob. second half 12th century

N

Scribal profile 20.

Upside down doodles in the margin, including Amen and a sequence of three letter d, and possibly a name: Willelmus […] de […]

Julius B. XIII:36r
Faustina B. IX:-

After Scribal profile 8 (‘after 8 Mar 1173’) 

Prob. late 13th or 14th century

N

Scribal profile 21.

A note on a deficiency in the text (two missing popes and one in the wrong place, corrected on f. 37r by Scribal profile 22)

Julius B. XIII:36v
Faustina B. IX:-

Scribe 4

After Scribal profile 8 (‘after 8 Mar 1173’)

Prob. late 12th or early 13th century

Y

Scribal profile 22.

Additions in the margins to the list of popes, extending up to Clement III (1187–91)

Julius B. XIII:37r 38r 38v 40r
Faustina B. IX:-

Scribe 10

After Scribal profile 8 (‘after 8 Mar 1173’); prob. during/soon after the pontificate of Clement III (1187–91), otherwise might have extended beyond Clement; prob. before Scribal profile 18 added these later popes on f. 40v

Prob. late 12th or early 13th century

N

Scribal profile 23.

Cropped (illegible) signposts or notes

Julius B. XIII:39v
Faustina B. IX:-

After Scribal profile 8 (‘after 8 Mar 1173’)

Prob. mid- to late 14th century

N

Scribal profile 24.

In Julius B. XIII: annals for AD 1–249 (finishing mid-sentence).


In Faustina B. IX: brief introduction, quoting Bede from AD 731 followed by annals for AD 734–956, noting ‘the history which follows has been excerpted here and there from various places’ (finishing mid-sentence at the end of f. 8r)

Julius B. XIII:41r 41v 42r 42v 43r 43v 44r 44v 45r 45v 46r 46v 47r 47v
Faustina B. IX:2r 2v 3r 3v 4r 4v 5r 5v 6r 6v 7r 7v 8r

Scribe 5

After 1157 (reference to Henry II as earl of Northumberland); poss. around the same time as Scribal profile 8 (‘after 8 Mar 1173’)

Prob. second half 12th century

Y

Scribal profile 25.

Quire signature numberings from F1 to F5 in the lower margin of most folios in Gathering VI (probably added while in Sir Robert Cotton’s library)

Julius B. XIII:42r 43r 44r 46r
Faustina B. IX:-

Prob. 17th century

Early modern

N

Scribal profile 26.

Ink foliations (upper corner of the recto) from ‘1’ to ‘74’, and continuing beyond the ‘Melrose’ part of Faustina B. IX, now scored through in pencil (probably added while in Sir Robert Cotton’s library)

Julius B. XIII:-

Before 1731, prob. 17th century

Early modern

N

Scribal profile 27.

Aborted pencil foliations (upper corner of the recto) from ‘2’ to ‘76’, and continuing beyond the ‘Melrose’ part of Faustina B. IX, soon after erased or scored through with a pencil

Julius B. XIII:-

Feb 1884

19th century

N

Scribal profile 28.

Pencil foliations (upper corner of the recto) from ‘2’ to ‘75’, and continuing beyond the ‘Melrose’ part of Faustina B. IX

Julius B. XIII:-

Feb 1884

19th century

N

Scribal profile 29.

Ink foliations (lower margin of the recto) from ‘1’ to ‘74’, only in the ‘Melrose’ part of Faustina B. IX (omitted on ff. 61, 62, 63; f. 38 was previously ‘53’ but was corrected to ‘37’ when moved position, so there are now two folios labelled ‘37’ and none with ‘53’)

Julius B. XIII:-

Prob. after 1536 (when Leland acquired the chronicle and probably divided it in two); prob. before early 17th century (when Cotton acquired the manuscript)

Early modern

N

Scribal profile 30.

Quire signatures from B to E in the lower margin, on the first leaf of some gatherings (probably added while in Sir Robert Cotton’s library)

Julius B. XIII:-
Faustina B. IX:2r 12r 23r 31r

Prob. 17th century

Early modern

N

Scribal profile 31.

Quire signatures from B to L in the lower margin, one on the first leaf of each gathering (probably added while in Sir Robert Cotton’s library)

Julius B. XIII:-
Faustina B. IX:2r 12r 23r 31r 40r 47r 55r 58r 64r 72r

Prob. 17th century

Early modern

N

Scribal profile 32.

Signpost nota monachus adjacent to AD 737 and 758

Julius B. XIII:-
Faustina B. IX:2v 3r

After Scribal profile 24 (‘after 1157’)

Prob. 13th or 14th century

N

Scribal profile 33.

Many additions across Faustina B. IX (including signposts; verses relating to each king of Scots at the relevant annal; additions to existing text; other notes)

Julius B. XIII:-

Scribe 28; Scribe N6

Possibly working on the manuscript at different times: addition to f. 14 is datable after 1264 (given it refers to that year) but this may have been when the folio was not part of the chronicle; latest datable contribution within the chronicle text itself is at AD 1252 (f. 56v), which is sequentially after Scribal profile 104 (‘after 21 Jan 1264’)

Prob. second half 13th century

Partially

Scribal profile 34.

A doodle in the lower margin repeating a name in the text-block (Adrianus)

Julius B. XIII:-
Faustina B. IX:3v

After Scribal profile 24 (‘after 1157’) 

Prob. early or mid-14th century

N

Scribal profile 35.

A doodle in the lower margin (Pater); possibly also a faded and illegible doodle to the left of this in the lower margin

Julius B. XIII:-
Faustina B. IX:5v

After Scribal profile 24 (‘after 1157’) 

Prob. 13th century

N

Scribal profile 36.

Calculations of reign lengths for kings of Scots (King Áed, and probably King Dub)

Julius B. XIII:-
Faustina B. IX:6v 8v

Scribe N4

After Scribal profile 24 (‘after 1157’)

Prob. late 12th or 13th century

Y

Scribal profile 37.

Annals for AD 956 (continued) – 1016

Julius B. XIII:-
Faustina B. IX:8v 9r 9v 10r 10v 11r 11v

Scribe 6

After Scribal profile 24 (‘after 1157’) 

Prob. 12th century

Y

Scribal profile 38.

Total tally of the leaves in the manuscript (numbering by tens on the upper corner of the versos)

Julius B. XIII:-
Faustina B. IX:10v 20v 30v 50v 60v 70v

Early 18th century

Early modern

N

Scribal profile 39.

Memorandum about the abbot of Dundrennan borrowing the chronicle; a note of the marriage of King Alexander III’s son, Alexander, in 1282

Julius B. XIII:-
Faustina B. IX:11v

Scribe 49

Memorandum after Scribal profiles 122 and 114 (‘after 14 Apr 1286’); marriage notice after 8 Nov 1282, but prob. also after 14 Apr 1286

Prob. late 13th or early 14th century

Y

Scribal profile 40.

Signpost or doodle repeating a phrase in the lower margin regarding King Knútr; a note in the upper margin that King Henry III has reigned now for 47 years; doodle of name and title of Alexander, king of Scots, in the lower margin

Julius B. XIII:-
Faustina B. IX:12r 53v

Scribe N5

After 28 Oct 1262; before 27 Oct 1264 (i.e., Henry III’s 47th or 48th regnal year)

Prob. second half 13th century

Y

Scribal profile 41.

Additions relating to kings of Scots at AD 1034, 1039, 1055 and 1056; additions to AD 1240

Julius B. XIII:-
Faustina B. IX:12v 13v 45r

Scribe 27

After 2 Nov 1246 (reference to the death of Robert, bishop of Salisbury)

Prob. mid-13th century

Y

Scribal profile 42.

Catchwords on the lower margin of the versos on particular folios, present throughout Faustina B. IX (possibly added while in the possession of John Leland or in Robert Cotton’s library)

Julius B. XIII:-

Prob. after 1536 (when Leland began collecting manuscripts); prob. before early 18th century

Early modern

N

Scribal profile 43.

An account of Scottish kings descended from Máel Coluim III (d. 1093) and Margaret (d. 1093) to the birth of Alexander II (b. 1198) on an inserted folio (possibly previously a roll)

Julius B. XIII:-
Faustina B. IX:14r 14v

Scribe +1

After 24 Aug 1198 (birth of Alexander II); prob. before 4 Dec 1214 (death of William I)

Prob. late 12th or early 13th century

Y

Scribal profile 44.

An interlinear addition to the account of Scottish kings, noting David I as ‘more successful’ than Alexander I

Julius B. XIII:-
Faustina B. IX:14r

After Scribal profile 43 (‘after 24 Aug 1198’) 

Prob. 13th century

Y

Scribal profile 45.

A single foliation (‘13’) in the lower margin to continue the ink series

Julius B. XIII:-
Faustina B. IX:14r

After Scribal profile 29 (‘prob. after 1536; before early 17th century’)

Early modern

N

Scribal profile 46.

Addition to the account of Scottish kings, noting William I’s death in 1214 and Alexander II’s accession

Julius B. XIII:-
Faustina B. IX:14v

Scribe +2

After 4 Dec 1214 (William I’s death); poss. before 8 Jul 1249 (Alexander II’s death) 

Prob. first half 13th century

Y

Scribal profile 47.

Signpost at AD 1068 (‘two popes’)

Julius B. XIII:-
Faustina B. IX:15r

After Scribal profile 8 (‘after 8 Mar 1173’)

Early modern

N

Scribal profile 48.

Signpost at AD 1087 (‘King William Rufus’)

Julius B. XIII:-
Faustina B. IX:16r

After Scribal profile 8 (‘after 8 Mar 1173’)

Prob. 14th century

N

Scribal profile 49.

Additions to various annals (AD 1096, 1098, 1099, 1100, 1104, 1105, 1107, 1108, 1109, 1110, 1113, 1114, 1115, 1118, 1119, 1121, 1122, 1127, 1128, 1130, 1134, 1135, 1136, 1137, 1139, 1142, 1143, 1146, 1148, 1149, 1150, 1151, 1152, 1156, 1157, 1158, 1159, 1160, 1161, 1162, 1163, 1164, 1165, 1167, 1169 and 1171)

Julius B. XIII:-
Faustina B. IX:16v 17r 17v 18r 18v 19r 19v 20r 20v 21r

Scribe 8

After Scribal profile 8 (‘after 8 Mar 1173’)

Prob. second half 12th century

Y

Scribal profile 50.

Signpost at AD 1098 (‘Orkney’)

Julius B. XIII:-
Faustina B. IX:16v

After Scribal profile 8 (‘after 8 Mar 1173’)

Prob. second half 13th or early 14th century

N

Scribal profile 51.

Signpost at AD 1104 (‘translation of St Cuthbert’)

Julius B. XIII:-
Faustina B. IX:16v

After Scribal profile 8 (‘after 8 Mar 1173’)

Prob. early modern

N

Scribal profile 52.

Addition to AD 1133 on the consecration of Nigel as bishop of Ely

Julius B. XIII:-
Faustina B. IX:18r

Scribe 52

After Scribal profile 8 (‘after 8 Mar 1173’)

Prob. first half of 14th century

Y

Scribal profile 53.

Addition to AD 1141 on the birth of King Máel Coluim IV

Julius B. XIII:-
Faustina B. IX:18v

Scribe 11

After Scribal profile 8 (‘after 8 Mar 1173’)

Prob. second half 12th or first half 13th century

Y

Scribal profile 54.

Addition to AD 1142 on the foundation of Dundrennan Abbey

Julius B. XIII:-
Faustina B. IX:18v

Scribe 50

After Scribal profile 8 (‘after 8 Mar 1173’)

Prob. second half 13th or early 14th century

Y

Scribal profile 55.

Addition to AD 1143 on the birth of King William the Lion

Julius B. XIII:-
Faustina B. IX:18v

Scribe 12

After Scribal profile 49 (‘after 8 Mar 1173’)

Prob. 12th or first half 13th century

Y

Scribal profile 56.

Additions to AD 1147, 1149 and 1170

Julius B. XIII:-
Faustina B. IX:18v 19r 20v

Scribe 7

After Scribal profile 8 (‘after 8 Mar 1173’)

Prob. second half 12th century

Y

Scribal profile 57.

Signpost at AD 1153 (‘King David died’)

Julius B. XIII:-
Faustina B. IX:19r

After Scribal profile 8 (‘after 8 Mar 1173’); before Scribal profile 33’s verse contribution in the later 13th century

Prob. second half 12th or 13th century

N

Scribal profile 58.

Note in the margin at the end of AD 1160 (ab isto loco, ‘from this place’), now partially obscured by a later signpost

Julius B. XIII:-
Faustina B. IX:19v

After Scribal profile 8 (‘after 8 Mar 1173’)

Prob. second half 13th or 14th century

N

Scribal profile 59.

Notes of two deaths under AD 1171 (Conan, duke of Brittany and earl of Richmond; and Ferteth, earl of Strathearn)

Julius B. XIII:-
Faustina B. IX:21r

Scribe 9

After Scribal profile 8 (‘after 8 Mar 1173’)

Prob. second half 12th or first half 13th century

Y

Scribal profile 60.

Annals for AD 1171–1197

Julius B. XIII:-
Faustina B. IX:21r 21v 22r 22v 23r 23v 24r 24v 25r 25v 26r

Scribe 13

After 17 Mar 1199 (reference under AD 1193 to the memory of Jocelin, bishop of Glasgow)

Prob. early 13th century

Y

Scribal profile 61.

Signpost (in red) at AD 1171 on the translation of Abbot Waldef

Julius B. XIII:-
Faustina B. IX:21r

After Scribal profile 60 (‘after 17 Mar 1199’)

Prob. first half 13th century

N

Scribal profile 62.

Addition of scriba[tur] to various places in the margins, instructing text to be copied; once Scribat aliquid (f. 31v, ‘Someone should copy’) and once Scribatur si volueris (f. 46v, ‘Should be copied if you wish’)

Julius B. XIII:-

After Scribal profile 122 (‘after 14 Apr 1286’)

Prob. early or mid-14th century

N

Scribal profile 63.

Signpost at AD 1184 on a dispute between Melrose and the men of Wedale

Julius B. XIII:-
Faustina B. IX:23v

After Scribal profile 60 (‘after 17 Mar 1199’)

Prob. first half 13th century

N

Scribal profile 64.

Note in the margin, vacat (‘void’)

Julius B. XIII:-
Faustina B. IX:25v

After Scribal profile 60 (‘after 17 Mar 1199’)

Prob. 13th century

Y

Scribal profile 65.

Annals for AD 1198–1215 (finishing mid-sentence)

Julius B. XIII:-
Faustina B. IX:26v 27r 27v 28r 28v 29r 29v 30r 30v 31r 31v

Scribe 15

After 26 Sept 1215 (opening of an account of Hugh of Boves’ ships sinking on that day)

Prob. first half 13th century

Y

Scribal profile 66.

Additions to annals for AD 1212, 1214 and 1215; continuation of AD 1215 (from f. 31v); annals for AD 1216 and 1217 (finishing mid-sentence)

Julius B. XIII:-
Faustina B. IX:29v 30v 31r 31v 32r 32v 33r 33v 34r 34v 35r 35v

Scribe 16

After Nov 1218 (reference to the bishop of St Andrews returning home at the beginning of the 4th year after the Lateran Council)

Prob. first half 13th century

Y

Scribal profile 67.

Signpost or addition at AD 1213 (‘of Brabant’)

Julius B. XIII:-
Faustina B. IX:30r

After Scribal profile 65 (‘after 26 Sept 1215’)

Prob. 13th or 14th century

N

Scribal profile 68.

Interlinear addition at AD 1216 (‘at London’)

Julius B. XIII:-
Faustina B. IX:33r

After Scribal profile 66 (‘after Nov 1218’)

Prob. 14th century

Y

Scribal profile 69.

Signpost at AD 1216 (‘Pope Innocent died’)

Julius B. XIII:-
Faustina B. IX:33r

After Scribal profile 66 (‘after Nov 1218’)

Prob. 13th century

N

Scribal profile 70.

Signpost at AD 1216 (‘King John died’)

Julius B. XIII:-
Faustina B. IX:33r

After Scribal profile 66 (‘after Nov 1218’)

Prob. 13th century

Y

Scribal profile 71.

Addition to signpost at AD 1216 noting that Henry III succeeded King John

Julius B. XIII:-
Faustina B. IX:33r

Scribe N7

After Scribal profile 66 (‘after Nov 1218’)

Prob. second half 13th century

Y

Scribal profile 72.

Signpost at AD 1216 (‘On the transformation of the moon’)

Julius B. XIII:-
Faustina B. IX:33v

After Scribal profile 66 (‘after Nov 1218’)

Prob. 13th century

N

Scribal profile 73.

Doodles at the ends of lines at AD 1216 (?Wylfar, ?Wylfin)

Julius B. XIII:-
Faustina B. IX:34r

After Scribal profile 66 (‘after Nov 1218’)

Prob. late 13th or 14th century

N

Scribal profile 74.

Additions of signposts; additions to AD 1219, 1228, 1229, 1231, 1232, 1235 and 1240 (palaeographically very similar to Scribal profile 33, but more consistent and sometimes supplements those contributions, e.g., at ff. 35r and 39v)

Julius B. XIII:-
Faustina B. IX:35r37v 39v 41r 41v 42r 42v 43v 45r

Scribe 29; Scribe N8

After Scribal profile 33 (‘after 21 Jan 1264’)

Prob. second half 13th century

Partially

Scribal profile 75.

Interlinear glosses on the names of two monasteries at AD 1217

Julius B. XIII:-
Faustina B. IX:35v

After Scribal profile 66 (‘after Nov 1218’)

Prob. mid/late 14th or 15th century

Y

Scribal profile 76.

Continuation of annal for AD 1217; annals for AD 1218–1222

Julius B. XIII:-
Faustina B. IX:35v 36r 36v 37r 37v 39r

Scribe 17

After 6 Sept 1222 (reference to death of Alexander, abbot of Deer)

Prob. first half 13th century

Y

Scribal profile 77.

Doodles mentioning ‘Richard prior’ and ‘I, John’

Julius B. XIII:-
Faustina B. IX:37r

After Scribal profile 76 (‘after 6 Sept 1222’)

Prob. late 13th or first half 14th century

N

Scribal profile 78.

Small additions to AD 1219 and 1221; continuation of annal for AD 1222

Julius B. XIII:-
Faustina B. IX:37r 39r 39v

Scribe 18

After 11 Sept 1222 (reference to death of Adam, bishop of Caithness)

Prob. first half 13th century

Y

Scribal profile 79.

Repeated phrases to indicate where related text could be read: ‘Qualiter etc’ at the end of AD 1219; ‘novus etc’ at the end of AD 1221

Julius B. XIII:-
Faustina B. IX:37v 39r

After Scribal profile 83 (‘after 11 Feb 1233’)

Prob. early modern

Y

Scribal profile 80.

Catchword (‘apud’) different from the main series of catchwords

Julius B. XIII:-
Faustina B. IX:37v

After Scribal profile 76 (‘after 6 Sept 1222’)

Prob. early modern

N

Scribal profile 81.

Copy of the first part of a letter describing the capture of Damietta in 1219 (incomplete)

Julius B. XIII:-
Faustina B. IX:38r

Scribe +3

After 1219

Prob. first half 13th century

Y

Scribal profile 82.

Apparently a list of burials at Melrose (writing extremely faint from subsequent rubbing)

Julius B. XIII:-
Faustina B. IX:38v

Scribe 51

After Scribal profile 114 (‘after 14 Apr 1286’)

Prob. 13th or first half 14th century

Y

Scribal profile 83.

Additions to AD 1221, 1222, 1223, 1224, 1225, 1227, 1229, 1230, 1231, 1232 and 1233

Julius B. XIII:-
Faustina B. IX:39r 39v 40r 40v 41r 41v 42r 42v

Scribe 19

After 11 Feb 1233 (reference to death of Queen Ermengarde)

Prob. first half 13th century

Y

Scribal profile 84.

Cropped doodle (Miracul…)

Julius B. XIII:-
Faustina B. IX:39r

After Scribal profile 83 (‘after 11 Feb 1233’)

Prob. early modern

N

Scribal profile 85.

Addition to AD 1222 on archdeacons of Glasgow (death of Robert; succession and death of Thomas; succession of Thomas the clerk)

Julius B. XIII:-
Faustina B. IX:39v

Scribe 20

After Jan 1226 (reference to Thomas the clerk as chancellor)

Prob. first half 13th century

Y

Scribal profile 86.

Doodle of a year entry (Anno domini 1223)

Julius B. XIII:-
Faustina B. IX:39v

After Scribal profile 85 (‘after Jan 1226’)

Prob. early modern

Y

Scribal profile 87.

Addition to the space after AD 1223, now almost illegible (written in plummet); and an entry for AD 1274 about the election of an abbot of Kinloss

Julius B. XIII:-
Faustina B. IX:40r 52r

Scribe 41

After 5 Jan 1275 (reference to election of abbot of Kinloss)

Prob. second half 13th century

Y

Scribal profile 88.

An addition about Alexander, the king’s son, being ‘taken’ on 8 November, possibly referring to the marriage of Alexander III’s son, Alexander (placed under AD 1221 but perhaps following on from Scribal profile 87’s now-illegible entry)

Julius B. XIII:-
Faustina B. IX:40r

Scribe 43

After Scribal profile 83 (‘after 11 Feb 1233’); poss. after 8 Nov 1282 (marriage of Prince Alexander)

Prob. second half 13th or first half 14th century

Y

Scribal profile 89.

Year numbers for AD 1226–1228

Julius B. XIII:-
Faustina B. IX:40v 41r

Scribe 21

After Scribal profile 83 (‘after 11 Feb 1233’)

Prob. first half 13th century

Y

Scribal profile 90.

Additions to AD 1227, 1229, 1230, 1231, 1232 and 1233

Julius B. XIII:-
Faustina B. IX:41r 41v 42r 42v

Scribe 22

After 11 Sept 1233 (reference to consecration of William, bishop of Glasgow)

Prob. first half 13th century

Y

Scribal profile 91.

Additions to AD 1230, 1231 and 1235; annals for AD 1236, 1237, 1238 and 1239

Julius B. XIII:-
Faustina B. IX:41v 42r 43v 44r 44v 45r

Scribe 24

After 1 Nov 1239 (reference to departure of Otto, papal legate)

Prob. mid-13th century

Y

Scribal profile 92.

Additions to AD 1230 and 1240

Julius B. XIII:-
Faustina B. IX:41v 45r

Scribe 26

After 11 Apr 1240 (reference to death of Llywelyn, ‘king of Wales’)

Prob. mid-13th century

Y

Scribal profile 93.

Excerpt from John 13:34 under AD 1230, severely smudged or erased

Julius B. XIII:-
Faustina B. IX:41v

After Scribal profile 92 (‘after 11 Apr 1240’)

Prob. 13th century

Y

Scribal profile 94.

Additions to AD 1233 (apud Wedale and in ecclesia de Glasgu)

Julius B. XIII:-
Faustina B. IX:42v

 

After Scribal profile 90 (‘after 11 Sept 1233’)

Prob. mid-13th century

Y

Scribal profile 95.

Annals for AD 1234 and 1235 (finishing mid-sentence)

Julius B. XIII:-
Faustina B. IX:43r

Scribe 23

After 2 Sept 1235 (reference to consecration of Gilbert, bishop of Whithorn)

Prob. mid-13th century

Y

Scribal profile 96.

Annals and additions to AD 1235, 1238, 1240, 1241, 1242, 1243 and 1244 (including letters relating to the sacking of Jerusalem in 1244)

Julius B. XIII:-
Faustina B. IX:44r 44v 45r 45v 46r 46v 47r 47v 48r 48v 49r

Scribe 30

After Scribal profile 41 (‘after 2 Nov 1246’)

Prob. mid-13th century

Y

Scribal profile 97.

Signpost at AD 1239 on the birth of Edward, son of King Henry III

Julius B. XIII:-
Faustina B. IX:44v

After Scribal profile 91 (‘after 1 Nov 1239’)

Prob. second half 13th century

N

Scribal profile 98.

Annal for AD 1240

Julius B. XIII:-
Faustina B. IX:45r

Scribe 25

After 15 Apr 1240 (reference to a succession after Easter)

Prob. mid-13th century

Y

Scribal profile 99.

A note that the abbot of Dundrennan ‘received on loan the rest of the chronicle’, meaning from middle of AD 1243 onwards

Julius B. XIII:-
Faustina B. IX:46v

Scribe N9

After Scribal profile 96 (‘after 2 Nov 1246’)

Prob. second half 13th century

Y

Scribal profile 100.

Annal for AD 1245, including an incomplete letter from Emperor Frederick II to King Louis IX, 1245; Pope Innocent IV’s declaration deposing Frederick II on account of injuries to the Church, 17 July 1245; and a letter of Frederick II challenging the pope’s deposition, 31 July 1245

Julius B. XIII:-
Faustina B. IX:49v 50r 50v 51r 51v 52r 52v 53r 53v

Scribe 31

After Scribal profile 96 (‘after 2 Nov 1246’); prob. before Scribal profile 40’s contribution in the top margin referring to Henry III’s reign (‘after 28 Oct 1262; before 27 Oct 1264’)

Prob. mid-13th century

Y

Scribal profile 101.

Rubric identifying the source of the letters as Letters of Peter de Vinea, plus various corrections to the text

Julius B. XIII:-
Faustina B. IX:50r 50v 51r 51v 52r 52v 53r 53v

After Scribal profile 100 (‘after 2 Nov 1246’)

Prob. early modern

Y

Scribal profile 102.

An inserted folio containing two summaries of relations between kings of Scotland and England, with items selectively copied from the chronicle: from AD 945 to 1209 (f. 54r); and from AD 1142 to 1193 (f. 54v)

Julius B. XIII:-
Faustina B. IX:54r 54v

Scribe +4

After 1209

Prob. mid- or second half 13th century

Y

Scribal profile 103.

Notes (simply ‘ante’) to indicate that certain items appear earlier in the chronicle

Julius B. XIII:-
Faustina B. IX:54r 54v

After Scribal profile 102 (‘after 1209’)

Prob. early modern

N

Scribal profile 104.

Annals for AD 1246–1263 (with ff. 61–62 later inserted between the annals for AD 1262 and 1263)

Julius B. XIII:-
Faustina B. IX:55r 55v 56r 56v 57r 57v 58r 58v 59r 59v 60r 60v 63r

Scribe 32

After 21 Jan 1264 (reference to birth of Prince Alexander)

Prob. second half 13th century

Y

Scribal profile 105.

Addition to AD 1252 on the death of Diana

Julius B. XIII:-
Faustina B. IX:56v

Scribe 34

After Scribal profile 104 (‘after 21 Jan 1264’)

Prob. second half 13th or first half 14th century

Y

Scribal profile 106.

Addition to AD 1252 on the succession of John of Haddington as porter of St Serf’s (Culross Abbey)

Julius B. XIII:-
Faustina B. IX:56v

Scribe 33

After Scribal profile 104 (‘after 21 Jan 1264’)

Prob. second half 13th or first half 14th century

Y

Scribal profile 107.

Cropped ends of notes on Ross and Mar (including reference to ‘I. of Ross’)

Julius B. XIII:-
Faustina B. IX:58v 59v

Scribe N10

After Scribal profile 104 (‘after 21 Jan 1264’)

Prob. second half 13th century

Y

Scribal profile 108.

Faint text in the lower margin including Roman numerals (lviiio . ixo septua … i . ii . iii . iiii.), presumably relating to either the annal years or the manuscript folios, given a coincidence with the annal for AD 1258 and also a previous folio ‘58’

Julius B. XIII:-
Faustina B. IX:59r

After Scribal profile 104 (‘after 21 Jan 1264’)

Prob. late medieval

N

Scribal profile 109.

Annal for AD 1277, now very faint, detailing bad weather in Scotland and England

Julius B. XIII:-
Faustina B. IX:60r

Scribe 42

After 1277

Prob. second half 13th or early 14th century

Y

Scribal profile 110.

A note in the margin to indicate the positioning of AD 1262; a note in the margin on the succession of the bishop of Argyll; an addition (later erased) in the lower margin detailing the dispute between Adam of Smailholm (formerly cellarer of Melrose, then abbot of Deer from 1262) and the monks of Deer, which led to Adam’s resignation and return to Melrose in 1267

Julius B. XIII:-
Faustina B. IX:60v 61r

Scribe 35

After Scribal profile 104 (‘after 21 Jan 1264’); poss. after Scribal profile 111 (‘after 5 Feb 1276’)

Prob. second half 13th century

Partially

Scribal profile 111.

Annal for AD 1275, noting the death and entombment of Waldef, abbot of Newbattle

Julius B. XIII:-
Faustina B. IX:60v

Scribe 40

After 4 Feb 1276 (reference to entombment of Waldef)

Prob. second half 13th century

Y

Scribal profile 112.

Beginning of an annal, now mostly erased but mentioning a deceased Abbot Waldef; seemingly a false start for AD 1275, contributed by Scribal profile 111

Julius B. XIII:-
Faustina B. IX:60v

Scribe 39

After 5 Feb 1276 (reference to entombment of Waldef)

Prob. second half 13th century

Y

Scribal profile 113.

Annal for AD 1272, noting the birth of David, son of King Alexander III, on 20 March (i.e., 1273), but it is incomplete (omitting the birth place)

Julius B. XIII:-
Faustina B. IX:60v

Scribe 38

After 20 Mar 1273

Prob. second half 13th century

Y

Scribal profile 114.

An account of some miracles at Melrose; annals for AD 1260 and 1261; addition to AD 1263; continuation of the ‘little work’ on Simon de Montfort under AD 1268; annals for AD 1269 and 1270 (finishing mid-sentence)

Julius B. XIII:-

Scribe 45

After Scribal profile 122 (‘after 14 Apr 1286’, at least for the continuation and AD 1269–70)

Prob. second half 13th century

Y

Scribal profile 115.

Various additions to the existing text (the ‘little work’ on Simon de Montfort under AD 1268, as well as various other annals, attributed to Scribal profiles 114 and 122), some erased in the margins

Julius B. XIII:-
Faustina B. IX:61r 61v 62v 64r 65v 66r 67v 71v 73v 75r

Scribe 48

After Scribal profile 122 (‘after 14 Apr 1286’)

Prob. second half 13th or first half 14th century

Y

Scribal profile 116.

Three foliations (‘60’, ‘61’, ‘62’) in the lower margins to continue the ink series

Julius B. XIII:-
Faustina B. IX:61r 62r 63r

After Scribal profile 114 (‘after 14 Apr 1286’)

Prob. early modern

N

Scribal profile 117.

Faded and cropped text in the upper margin beginning Anno domini (‘In the year of the Lord…’)

Julius B. XIII:-
Faustina B. IX:63r

Scribe 44

After Scribal profile 104 (‘after 21 Jan 1264’); poss. after Scribal profile 118 (‘after winter 1271/2’)

Prob. second half 13th or 14th century

Y

Scribal profile 118.

Annal for AD 1271 noting a harsh cold winter; the text has been severely cropped

Julius B. XIII:-
Faustina B. IX:63r

Scribe 36

After winter 1271/2

Prob. second half 13th century

Y

Scribal profile 119.

Two lists (the first one cropped): abbots of Melrose (from Richard, who succeeded on 23 May 1136, to Patrick of Selkirk, who succeeded after 16 March 1273); six bishops appointed from Melrose Abbey (up to 1235)

Julius B. XIII:-
Faustina B. IX:63v

Scribe 37

After 16 Mar 1273

Prob. second half 13th or first half 14th century

Y

Scribal profile 120.

A title on the second column of names, ‘Bishops appointed from the house of Melrose’

Julius B. XIII:-
Faustina B. IX:63v

After 16 Mar 1273

Prob. second half 14th or 15th century

Y

Scribal profile 121.

Additions of years, a numbering, and folio and page references for the list of Melrose abbots

Julius B. XIII:-
Faustina B. IX:63v

After 16 Mar 1273

Prob. early modern

Y

Scribal profile 122.

Annals for AD 1263–1268, including the beginning of the ‘little work’ on Simon de Montfort under AD 1268

Julius B. XIII:-
Faustina B. IX:64r 64v 65r 65v 66r 66v 67r 67v 68r 68v 69r 69v

Scribe 46

After 14 Apr 1286 (reference to Thomas Stonegrave as abbot of Rievaulx)

Prob. late 13th century

Y

Scribal profile 123.

Signposts at AD 1267 and 1268: names of abbots of Melrose

Julius B. XIII:-
Faustina B. IX:66r 73v

After Scribal profile 122 (‘after 14 Apr 1286’)

Prob. early modern

N

Scribal profile 124.

An alternative phrase in the ‘little work’ on Simon de Montfort under AD 1268

Julius B. XIII:-
Faustina B. IX:69v

Scribe 47

After Scribal profile 122 (‘after 14 Apr 1286’)

Prob. second half 13th century

Y